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Pertanian Membantu Menahan Pemanasan Global
dari : European Parliement

Pertanian dapat membantu untuk memperlambat perubahan iklim, tetapi harus siap untuk beradaptasi dengan dampak pemanasan global, kata Komite Pertanian Parlemen Eropa dan ilmuwan di sebuah sidang terbuka pada hari Rabu (20/01/2010).
"Pertanian dapat memberikan solusi untuk masa depan", mengingat adanya hubungan langsung dengan bumi dan makhluk hidup, demikian laporan
Rating: 5 Reviewer: Info Petani - ItemReviewed: Pertanian Membantu Menahan Pemanasan Global - 9756people
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G-8 Environment Ministers Meeting di Kobe 24-26 Mei 2008
G-8 Environment Ministers Meeting telah diselenggarakan di Kobe dari tanggal 24 sampai dengan 26 Mei 2008. Pertemuan ini diketuai oleh Dr. Ichiro Kamoshita, Minister of Environment, Jepang, dengan dihadiri oleh segenap perwakilan negara anggota G-8 dan Outreach berjumlah total 18 negara, termasuk Indonesia. Pertemuan ini dihadiri pula oleh perwakilan lembaga-lembaga regional/internasional antara lain Global Environment Facility (GEF), GLOBE, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), United Nation Environment Programme (UNEP), World Bank, Secretariat of Basel Convention dan Secretariat of UNFCCC.

Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Jepang Dr. Ichiro Kamoshita selaku pimpinan sidang pada pembukaan menyampaikan bahwa masalah lingkungan yang dihadapi oleh komunitas internasional saat ini telah mendorong setiap negara untuk lebih meningkatkan upayanya pada setiap level baik nasional, regional maupun global, serta menekankan pentingnya kerjasama internasional dalam pelaksanaannya. Masalah lingkungan juga merupakan salah satu tema utama yang akan dibahas dalam Pertemuan tingkat Kepala Negara/Pemerintahan G-8 di Toyako, Hokkaido, yang dijadwalkan pada tanggal tanggal 7-9 Juli 2008. Karenanya, hasil pertemuan tingkat menteri di Kobe ini akan menjadi bahan masukan untuk Pertemuan tingkat Kepala Negara/Pemerintahan G-8 di Toyako, Hokkaido tersebut.

Tiga tema utama yang dibahas dalam pertemuan adalah climate change , biodiversity dan Reduce, Reuse & Recycle (3Rs).

Hasil-hasil pembahasan pertemuan G-8 dan Outreach countries antara lain:

1. Climate Change
a. Pentingnya transisi ke low carbon societies guna mencapai tujuan jangka panjang menuju realisasi tujuan akhir UNFCCC. Dalam hal ini, negara-negara maju harus berada di lini depan dalam upaya mengurangi reduksi emisi global hingga separuh pada tahun 2050. Guna mencapai low carbon societies, seluruh negara perlu melakukan inovasi dalam gaya hidup, pola konsumsi dan produksi, serta infrastruktur sosial, disamping inovasi teknologi;
b. Upaya kerjasama antara negara-negara maju dengan negara-negara berkembang, antara lain meliputi alih teknologi, dukungan finansial dan pengembangan kapasitas guna meningkatkan aktivitas mitigasi dan adaptasi di negara-negara berkembang. Dalam hal mitigasi, diakui perlunya penggunaan carbon markets dan public-private partnership (PPP), serta mekanisme pendanaan yang mendukung;
c. Dalam hal negosiasi kerangka pasca 2012, diakui pentingnya menyelesaikan proses negosiasi sejalan dengan Bali Action Plan selambat-lambatnya Desember 2009. Dalam hal penetapan mid-term target yang efektif, diperlukan komitmen dan langkah nyata oleh negara-negara maju, serta langkah nyata oleh negara-negara berkembang. Dalam hal ini, masih terdapat negara-negara yang memperlihatkan keenganannya untuk memberikan komitmennya secara jelas dan pasti, contohnya AS. Sebaliknya, negara-negara Eropa terutama Jerman memperlihatkan kesan kesiapannya;
d. Terdapat dukungan luas untuk menindaklanjuti hasil pertemuan ini yang dikenal sebagai “Kobe Initiative”, antara lain pengembangan jaringan internasional dalam low carbon societies, analisa potensi bottom-up sectoral mitigation, peningkatan co-benefit dalam kebijakan terkait, dan dukungan pengembangan kapasitas bagi negara-negara berkembang untuk penemuan-untuk dan pengumpulan data berdasarkan measurablity, reportability, and verifiability.

2. Biodiversity
a. Pentingnya langkah-langkah peningkatan biodiversity lebih lanjut, termasuk pengembangan dan implementasi Rencana Aksi dan Strategi Biodiversity Nasional guna mencapai target biodiversity 2010;
b. Perlunya pelaksanaan pendekatan ilmiah dalam aktivitas riset biodiversity, termasuk proses monitoring, penilaian (assesment), dan penyediaan informasi;
c. Dalam hal pemanfaatan biodiversity secara berkelanjutan, diakui pentingnya merealisasikan konservasi biodiversity dan pengelolaan sumber alam secara berkelanjutan di alam sekunder seperti Satoyama di Jepang, termasuk lahan pertanian dan ekosistem di sekitarnya;
d. Pentingnya menanggulangi masalah illegal logging yang dipandang membawa kerugian besar terhadap biodiversity dan emisi tinggi gas rumah kaca. Dalam kaitan ini, diakui pula perlunya tindakan efektif baik dari negara pengimpor maupun pengekspor untuk tidak memasukkan illegal logged timber dari/ke pasar internasional;
e. Penekanan perlunya peningkatan keterlibatan seluruh aktor sosial termasuk aktor sektor swasta dalam memfasilitasi konservasi dan pemanfaatan biodiversity secara berkelanjutan;
f. Penekanan bahwa climate change mempunyai dampak besar terhadap biodiversity, bahkan kehidupan manusia. Karenanya, perlu perhatian terhadap keterkaitan climate change dan biodiversity;
g. Terdapat kesepakatan atas “Kobe Call for Action for Biodiversity” termasuk Satoyama Initiative yang diusulkan Jepang, guna upaya lebih lanjut mengatasi tantangan dalam hal biodiversity.

3. 3Rs
a. Diakui perlunya peningkatan langkah-langkah 3Rs dan resource productivity guna mencapai pembangunan secara berkelanjutan di negara-negara G-8 dan yang lainnya. Selain penanganan sampah secara tepat dan proses recycle (daur ulang), prioritas utama juga diletakkan pada reduksi sampah. Salah satu upaya misalnya mengurangi penggunaan disposable plastic bags. Negara-negara G-8 dan non G-8 mengakui keterkaitan kuat antara peningkatan pengelolaan sampah secara tepat dan 3Rs, dengan upaya reduksi emisi gas rumah kaca;
b. Dalam upaya pengembangan kapasitas guna mencapai pengelolaan sampah secara tepat di negara-negara berkembang, diakui perlunya kerjasama lebih lanjut antara 3R Initiative dan Basel Convention;
c. Diakui pula pentingnya dukungan teknik dan finansial mencapai pengembangan kapasitas dalam pelaksanaan 3Rs di negara-negara berkembang;
d. Terdapat kesepakatan terhadap Kobe 3R Action Plan dan melaporkan perkembangannya di tahun 2011. Jepang telah meluncurkan “New Action Plan towards a Global Zero Waste Society”, yang diharapkan dapat mendorong kerjasama internasional lebih lanjut berdasarkan spirit Kobe 3R Action Plan.

Secara umum, pertemuan berjalan dengan lancar dan efektif. Seluruh delegasi, baik G-8 maupun Outreach countries, termasuk Indonesia, mendapat kesempatan untuk menyampaikan pandangannya terhadap ketiga isu yang dibahas, yaitu biodiversity, 3Rs dan climate change. Satu hal yang menarik terjadi di persidangan adalah terdapatnya perubahan format pertemuan atas kesepakatan bersama G-8 dan Outreach countries. Awalnya pertemuan senantiasa menggunakan format dimana negara anggota G-8 yang mendapat kesempatan memberikan pandangan mereka, diikuti dengan Outreach countries, dan lembaga-lembaga regional/internasional terkait. Namun, hal ini kemudian berubah dan kesempatan berbicara diberikan kepada partisipan siapa saja, tanpa memperhatikan urutan sebagaimana sebelumnya. Hal ini di sisi lain juga memperlihatkan kesan bahwa masalah lingkungan sudah sedemikian mendesaknya sehingga pembahasan dan proses negosiasi harus cepat dilakukan dan kesempatan menyampaikan pendapat saat ini terbuka bagi siapa saja atau negara mana saja yang memberikan perhatiannya terhadap masalah lingkungan.

Terdapatnya beberapa hal yang menjadi pending issues, utamanya persoalan sharing burden and balanced responsibility dalam upaya reduksi emisi gas rumah kaca, serta kepastian negara-negara maju untuk menetapkan mid-term target reduksi emisi masing-masing. Hal ini antara lain juga menyiratkan bahwa masih terdapat perbedaan pandangan/posisi antar negara-negara maju yang tergabung dalam G-8 dan Outreach countries, termasuk Indonesia. Dari pembahasan, terkesan bahwa di satu sisi, beberapa negara maju seperti Jerman dan Perancis, memperlihatkan kesiapannya dalam upaya pencapaian/realisasi target reduksi emisi dalam jangka panjang maupun jangka menengah. Namun di sisi lain, AS masih memperlihatkan keenganannya untuk memberikan komitmen utamanya dalam hal penentuan mid-term target reduksi emisi.

Jepang sebagai tuan rumah sekaligus pimpinan sidang nampaknya berusaha mengambil peran termasuk dengan meluncurkan Kobe Initiative. Akan tetapi posisi Jepang terlihat lebih di tengah dan “kurang” berhasil mendorong negara maju lainnya, khususnya AS, dalam hal penentuan mid-term target reduksi emisi. Sebaliknya, posisi Outreach countries yang dimotori oleh Afrika Selatan, China, Brazil dan India serta Indonesia, berusaha keras mendorong negara-negara maju agar menunjukkan komitmennya dalam upaya realisasi target reduksi emisi. Hasil pertemuan di Kobe, termasuk pending issues ini, kiranya akan disampaikan dan dibahas dalam G-8 Summit di Hokkaido, bulan Juli 2008 mendatang.
Rating: 5 Reviewer: Info Petani - ItemReviewed: G-8 Environment Ministers Meeting di Kobe 24-26 Mei 2008 - 9756people
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ITU/MIC Kyoto Symposium on ICTs and Climate Change 15-16 April 2008
Chairman’s Report (Final, 24 April)

1. The issue of global warming needs to be tackled from a global perspective, because its impact affects the entire planet and it is growing more serious every year. Estimates from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) showed that global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the primary cause of global warming, have risen by 70 per cent since 1970. In Kyoto, in December 1997, the world took concrete steps to mitigate global warming with an international agreement to limit and reduce GHG emissions. The first commitment period set out in the Kyoto Protocol began in 2008. In the intervening decade, the number of users of information and communication technologies (ICTs) worldwide has tripled. Kyoto is therefore the best place to launch a new work programme aimed at investigating the role that ICTs play in causing global warming, but also in monitoring, mitigating and adapting to climate change. The timing of this symposium is also highly appropriate because global measures under discussion at the symposium can be forwarded for appropriate action at the G8 Summit, to be held at Lake Toya, Hokkaido Prefecture in July 2008 and at other relevant occasions.

2. On this basis, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) of the government of Japan co organized the Kyoto Symposium on ICTs and Climate Change, at the Kyoto International Conference Centre, on April 15 16, 2008. The symposium was chaired by Mr. Takahashi Hanazawa of Senior Vice President and Director of R&D Planning Dept, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) with approximately 260 participants, including those participating remotely, drawn from a wide range of organizations including the private sector, research institutes, international organizations and governments.

3. The Symposium had six substantive sessions: “Climate change: ICTs to the rescue?”, “Corporate responsibility: Towards a climate neutral ICT Sector”, “ICTs for monitoring climate change”, “ICTs as a clean technology”, “Towards a high band width, low carbon future” and “Adapting to climate change”.

4. In these sessions, it was recognized that the following aspects are vital to realizing a climate neutral, low carbon emission information society through the use of ICTs.

5. Climate change: ICTs to the rescue?
5.1 The ICT sector is experiencing rapid growth.
5.2 It is noted that the use of ICTs can help reduce GHG emissions indirectly through their application in other sectors of the economy, whereas the reduction of GHG emissions of ICT itself is also noted for careful consideration.
5.3 To promote the best use of ICTs, the following points were recognized:
- the positive economic benefits for the ICT sector that can be gained through an environmentally friendly approach to business;
- the need for exchange of views/information on policy development at national, regional, and global levels;
- the establishment of common approaches at the international levels to evaluate CO2 emissions;
- the development of policies to create an appropriate incentive mechanism; and
- the importance of awareness and pro environmental behaviour of individual ICT users.

6. Corporate responsibility: Towards a climate neutral ICT Sector
6.1 Each country should promote initiatives toward energy saving for ICT equipment and systems and encourage the adoption and use of energy saving.
6.2 There is also a corporate responsibility to achieve climate neutral status, in which public private partnership is essential. Creating the right environment, with appropriate incentives, is an important part of this process. To get this process moving, the following points were recognized:
- a positive outlook on environmental issues: not as a cost but as a business opportunity; and
- respect should be given to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and increased awareness among company executives.

7. ICTs for monitoring climate change
7.1 ICTs play a vital role in monitoring and addressing climate change by exploiting the experiences of basic science which has helped bring the issue of global warming into the public domain and to raise awareness of future challenges.
7.2 ICTs—used for instance in remote sensing, climate forecasting and environmental monitoring—can also help in mitigating and adapting to climate change.
7.3 To promote remote sensing utilizing ICTs, the following points were recognized:
- a cooperative relationship including the private sector at the international level;
- the efficient use of spectrum; and
- the greater use of observational data and a focus on efficient ways to distribute information such as disaster warnings.

8. ICTs as a clean technology
8.1 Each country should consider promoting the use of e government from national to local level, as well as the implementation and adoption of ICTs in various social systems, such as medical care, education, business and employment support system, in order to achieve a further reduction of GHGs through the use of ICTs.
8.2 ICTs can also be used by companies and individuals, for instance to substitute for travel, or for “dematerialization” of goods and services by replacing transport of “atoms” by the transport of “bits”.
8.3 From the viewpoint of ICTs as the means of helping developing countries, the importance of establishing monitoring systems, using ICTs, to forecast and monitor the impact of natural and manmade disasters is recognized.
8.4 Strengthening the capacity of developing countries to use ICTs for sustainable development is acknowledged.

9. Towards a high band width, low carbon future
9.1 ITU should take the initiatives that may be required for energy saving systems and applications where there is a requirement for standardization and the development of ITU Recommendations.
9.2 The positive benefits of ICTs with respect to climate change should be actively promoted to other sectors of the economy.
9.3 ITU should also work on the standardization of methodologies for the analysis, evaluation and quantification of the GHG reductions that may be achieved through the use of ICTs. It was proposed that ITUT establish a Focus Group, open to nonmembers. The Focus Group can be an appropriate place to discuss the role of ITUT toward a reduction in GHG emissions to be achieved through the implementation of ITU Recommendations.
9.4 Energy Saving measures are imperative in the development of ICTs, specifically for next generation networks, both wired and wireless, and for terminals and network infrastructure.
9.5 The possibility of applying the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol to assist developing countries in making GHG reductions using ICTs could be studied.

10. Adapting to climate change
10.1 ITU should assist countries, particularly developing ones, and should show how ICTs can help with disaster preparedness against the risks associated with climate change, for instance in rising sea levels, extreme weather conditions, droughts etc.
10.2 The following issues were recognized as being of importance for adaptation:
- disaster preparedness;
- actions on food insecurity;
- use of remote sensing;
- assistance to rural communities; and
-coordinated actions to assist the most vulnerable countries.

11. Based on this analysis, we recognize the vitally important role that ICTs can play in developing a coherent global response to the challenge of climate change.
12. This chairman’s report will be forwarded to the London Symposium on ICTs and Climate Change (1718 June 2008), which is expected to build upon the outcome of this symposium, as a step towards preparing for the ITU World Telecommunications Standardization Assembly (WTSA08), to be held in Johannesburg in October 2008. At the Assembly, a draft Resolution on ICTs and climate change, as well as specific study questions on standardization, for the next study period (20092012) will be discussed, based on contributions from the ITU membership.
13. Based on this understanding, we confidently expect that the importance of efforts to use ICTs in combating climate change will be further recognized at other relevant meetings in the future, including the London symposium, the APEC TelMin meeting, the OECD Ministerial Meeting, to be held in Seoul in June 2008, and the G8 Summit.
Rating: 5 Reviewer: Info Petani - ItemReviewed: ITU/MIC Kyoto Symposium on ICTs and Climate Change 15-16 April 2008 - 9756people
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Gleneagles-Dialogue on Climate Change, Clean Energy and Sustainable Development 4th Ministerial Meeting Chiba, JAPAN 14-16 March, 2008
Chairs’ Conclusions

The Ministerial Meeting of the Dialogue on Climate Change, Clean Energy and Sustainable Development was launched at G8 summit at Gleneagles 2005. The first meeting was held in London in Oct. and Nov. 2005, followed by the second meeting in Monterey in Oct. 2006 and the third meeting in Berlin in Sep. 2007.

During the past sessions of the Dialogue, the following general understandings had been shared, with the assistance of the inputs from the IEA and the World Bank;
• Both the development of new technologies and the deployment of existing technologies are equally important. Cooperation between developed and developing countries, and between public and private sectors is essential.
• Future investment is needed on a large scale. A wide range of policies should be implemented in a clear and predictable way in order to mobilize private investment.
• It is necessary to deal with sustainable development and climate change at the same time. Adaptation and reducing emissions from deforestation are also important.

It had been acknowledged that these discussions during the Dialogues in the past are useful inputs and complementary to the process under the UNFCCC for the post-2012 framework.

In order to wrap up these past 2-year discussions and prepare a report to the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit, the 4th meeting was held in Chiba from the 14th to the 16th of March 2008, and focused on the issues on Technology, Finance and Investments, and post-2012 framework.

This meeting was attended by ministers and senior officials responsible for energy and environment issues from G8, from Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Korea, Mexico, Nigeria, Poland, South Africa, Spain and Slovenia as current presidency of the EU. We were joined by senior officials from international organizations including the International Energy Agency, the World Bank, Regional Development Banks, and business groups from the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Nippon Keidanren and the World Economic Forum, non-governmental organizations as well as legislators from the GLOBE.

Regarding the following issues discussed at this Dialogue,

Technology
[Energy Efficiency and Clean Energy]

Acknowledged the importance of improving energy efficiency, as one of the lowest cost and most effective means to immediately reduce GHG emissions, on a global scale including through cooperative sectoral approach, international partnership, and domestic actions for each country.

Highlighted the necessity of technology deployment and transfer to developing countries.

Acknowledged the importance of capacity building and discussed the role of IPR (Intellectual Property Rights).

Noted that countries which decided to choose the option for nuclear energy recognized the contribution of nuclear power to emission reduction while those which decided otherwise expressed their concern about security.

Noted the importance of renewable energy.

[Innovative Technology]

Exchanged information on international initiatives to develop innovative technologies.

Shared the necessity of expanding and strengthening international cooperation and sharing road maps on technology RD & D.

Emphasized the importance of CCS.

[Sectoral Approach]

Provided experiences based on sectoral approach (e.g., APP).

Discussed the effectiveness of sectoral approach and recognized the necessity to continue further discussion in order to reach common understanding.

Emphasized the principle of common but differentiated responsibility and respective capability in the context of sectoral approach.

[The Role of the IEA]

Appreciate the work of IEA and pointed out challenges to be addressed (including data collection and the future role of IEA).

[Activities by Private Sector]

Appreciated business initiatives for implementation of sector-based activities (including data collection).

Finance
[International Financial Mechanism for Mitigation and Adaptation]

Appreciated the work of the World Bank and Regional Development Banks under the framework for clean energy and development and encouraged them to continue and enhanced these efforts.

Appreciated the initiatives by Japan, UK and US to create a new multilateral fund for climate change in collaboration with the World Bank.

Exchanged views on governance of international funding arrangements.

Acknowledged to coordinate various existing and new funds in order to avoid duplication.

Recognized the need to prioritize financial support for adaptation to the most vulnerable countries such as Least Developed Countries and Small Islands Developing States.

Noted the importance of exploring innovative financial mechanisms.

Noted a Multinational Fund for Climate Change to support mitigation and adaptation activities proposed by Mexico.

Noted the necessity of scaling up CDM while recognizing the need for improvement.

Acknowledged the importance of mainstreaming mitigation and adaptation into development policy.

Recognized the importance of maximizing co-benefits (e.g. air pollution reduction) in financial assistance.

Reaffirmed the necessity to give appropriate incentives for preventing deforestation and forest degradation.

[Mobilization of Private Investment]

Recognized the importance of mobilization of private investment and the role of governments to remove the obstacles for investment.

Discussed the relationship between carbon markets and private investments.

Post-2012 Framework

[Long-term Goal]

Acknowledged the importance of sharing a long-term goal.

Shared the common understanding of the necessity to move toward sustainable low-carbon societies.

Pointed out the necessity to identify a long-term policy which functions as a reliable and clear signal to the private sector.

[Mid-term Goal]

Reaffirmed the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities as a premise of the discussion.

Noted the necessity to take into consideration the change of global situation from 1992 to 2008.

Recognized to necessity to ensure equity to realize sustainable development and effective emission reduction.

Shared the necessity to continue substantial discussion on sectoral approach, with the understanding that it does not replace quantified national target for GHGs emissions reductions.

[Global Actions]

Noted developed countries will take the lead in combating climate change while ensuring the comparability of efforts among them.

Acknowledged developing countries will take measurable, reportable and verifiable actions with support from developed countries.

Shared that adaptation and mitigation are equally important, and technology and finance are necessary ways to achieve them.

Recognized in particular the unique role that the countries at the Gleneagles Dialogue can play in terms of initiatives and cooperation leading to emission reduction.

Noted the importance of carbon market role.

Acknowledged the importance of counter measures for deforestation and forest degradation particularly for developing countries.

[Road to Copenhagen]

Appreciated the fruits of this dialogue (substantial contribution to the agreement on Bali Action Plan) and expected it to become a useful contribution to the discussion in the AWGLCA under the Convention.

Highlighted the value of this dialogue and other such dialogues in contributing to a successful outcome in Copenhagen.
Rating: 5 Reviewer: Info Petani - ItemReviewed: Gleneagles-Dialogue on Climate Change, Clean Energy and Sustainable Development 4th Ministerial Meeting Chiba, JAPAN 14-16 March, 2008 - 9756people
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Penanganan sumber air antisipasi perubahan iklim
Dalam rangka mengamati penanganan sumber air akibat perubahan iklim telah dilaksanakan Special Symposium ”Climate Change and Water”-Towards the 1st Asia-Pacific Water Summit and Beyond- yang diselenggarakan oleh Japan Water Forum di JETRO Headquarters Tokyo, Ark Mori Building 5F, Tokyo.

Kata perubahan iklim dunia untuk masa mendatang tidak tepat. Karena perubahan terjadi secara drastis pada saat tertentu. Perubahan dimaksud merupakan suatu yang jelas dan dapat diukur dengan cepat. Sedangkan perubahan pada iklim tidak seperti dimaksud tersebut, sehingga kata yang paling tepat atau realistis adalah evolusi iklim.

Evolusi iklim dan efek yang ditimbulkannya terhadap air telah diketahui oleh manusia. Manusia telah tahu bagaimana untuk beradaptasi terhadap perubahan ini. Evolusi iklim bukan merupakan penyebab pertama kekurangan air. Manusia telah belajar keadaan alam ini setiap hari sehingga tentunya manusia dapat mengetahui alam ini secara baik.

Kekurangan air diakibatkan oleh pertumbuhan demografis, pertumbuhan populasi penduduk yang alami serta penyebaran penduduk yang tidak merata pada permukaan planet. Pertambahan satu milyar lebih manusia setiap 10 – 12 tahun akan menjadi masalah yang tidak mudah mengambil jalan keluarnya, dan dapat menyebabkan tertundanya pencapaian sasaran pengembangan melinium. Ditambah lagi sebagian besar dari populasi yang banyak ini bertempat tinggal di kota-kota besar dan di daerah pantai, hal ini telah menciptakan wilayah baru yang sulit memperoleh sumber air.

Di kota-kota tersebut ketersediaan air tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan manusia akibat evolusi ini. Banyak kota-kota besar yang telah atau akan menderita kekurangan air selama abad ini akibat tidak terdapat peraturan mengenai langkah-langkah yang harus diambil untuk menangani masalah genting secara cepat. Pada dewasa ini, strategi yang penting adalah memetakan sumber air dan pertumbuhan penduduk.

Apabila kegiatan manusia tidak memperhatikan mutu air akan menimbulkan masalah kehidupan manusia. Kegiatan utama seperti kegiatan yang dilakukan dalam bidang perindustrian dan pertanian. Kegiatan yang dikhawatirkan adalah kegiatan yang dapat menimbulkan kontaminasi air yang dapat mengancam terpenuhinya kebutuhan air yang berasal dari sumber air alami tanpa perlakuan dan pemurnian. Hal tersebut akan menyebabkan kesulitan mendapatkan air dalam jumlah banyak.

Hal-hal yang perlu dilakukan dalam rangka penghemat air adalah menghentikan pembuangan sampah dalam segala bentuknya. Artinya semua sampah harus didaur ulang untuk diambil manfaat sebanyak-banyaknya. Kita harus melakukan usaha penggunaan air lebih sedikit mungkin dimanapun berada dan untuk kegiatan apapun.

Beberapa tindakan yang perlu dilakukan secara bersama-sama oleh pemerintah, swasta dan masyarakat umum adalah sebagai berikut:

a.Mencegah terjadinya kerusakan kronis tempat sumber air melalui pencegahan polusi air terhadap bahan kimia dan bahan lain yang menimbulkan rusaknya kualitas air sungai dan mata air.

b.Mencegah dan memerangi polusi akibat kecelakaan transportasi, kebakaran, ledakan, kerusakan pipa dan sebagainya.

c.Menjaga dan mengawasi tempat pengolahan sumber air bersih.

d.Memonitor sumber air secara berkala baik mutu maupun jumlah air di setiap sumber air.

e.Mengatur sumber air dengan cara menjaga fasilitas umum, dan mengatur pemenuhan kebutuhan air untuk jangka waktu lama.

f.Menghemat penggunaan air dengan cara mencegah hilangnya air pada saluran air dan memonitor penggunaan air PAM (ledeng).
Rating: 5 Reviewer: Info Petani - ItemReviewed: Penanganan sumber air antisipasi perubahan iklim - 9756people
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